Catatan Bahasa Sunda Dangding

Dangding

Dangding teh kabinangkitan asalana ti Mataram

Anu asli Sunda mah Kawih. Wangunan kasusastraan : 2 rupa

1. Basa lancaran atawa prosa
2. Basa ugeran atawa puisi

Basa ugeran : dangding, kawih, sajak disebut basa ugeran, pedah kauger ku patokan-patokan anu puguh aturannana.

Ari basa lancaran mah basa anu teu kauger ku patokan anu matok sanajan ari aturan mah aya ngan heunteu saperti dina basa ugeran.

Dangding nyaeta susunan guguritan nurutkeun patokan pupuh.

Guguritan nyaeta jejer atawa poko anu dijieun dangding. Pupuh nyaeta tujuh belas rupa patokan pikeun ngadangding :

Pupuh teh sadayana aya 17 rupa :

1. Asmarandana : watekna birahi, silih asih
2. Balakbak : watekna pikaseurieun, bobodoran
3. Dangdanggula : watekna kabungahan, kagungan
4. Juru demung : watekna kaduhung, hanjakal
5. Durma : watekna ngambek, pasea, gelut, perang
6. Gambuh : watekna tambuh laku, samar polah, bingung
7. Gurisa : watekna lulucon, tambah kesel, pangangguran
8. Kinanti : watekna prihatin, harepan, ngadago
9. Ladrang : watekna banyol, heureuy, gogonjakan
10. Lambang : cara ladrang, ngan leuwih “motah”
11. Magatru : watekna nyelang carita, lulucon ngeusi prihatin
12. Maskumambang : watekna prihatin, sasambat/ngageri, nalangsa
13. Mijil : Watekna susah, sedih, cilaka, tiiseun, jempling
14. Pangkur : watekna lumampah, napsu sadia rek perang
15. Pucung : watekna wawaran, kaget, eling
16. Sinom : watekna gumbira, senang
17. Wirangrang : watekna ara wiring, apes, rugi

Eta pupuh diluhur di Sunda mah aya 2 bagian :

1. Sekar ageng nyaeta : Asmarandana, dangdanggula, kinanti, Sinom
2. sekar alit nyaeta : Balakbak, juru demung, durma, gambuh, gurisa, ladrang, magatru, maskumambang, mijil, pangkur, pucung, sinom, jeung wirangrang.

Saban pupuh miboga laguna

Lagu didieu nyaeta cara nembangkeun atawa ngawihkeun gugulitan

Conto unggal pupuh

1. Asmarandana

            eling-eling masing eling                    8 - i    

            rumingkang di bumi alam                  8 - a

            darma wawayangan bae                      8 – e (o)

            raga taya pangawasa                           8 - a

            lamun kasasar lampah                                    8 - a

            nafsu nu matak kaduhung                   8 - u    

            badan anu katempuhan                       8 - a

Laguna tiasa:

1. Pagerageung
2. Jemplang
3. padayungan
4. candrawulan
5. kaleon
6. Manyeuseup
7. usdan mai
8. bangkong
9. pegat jodo
10. embat-embat
11. tablo
12. polos

2. Balakbak  (pikaserieun)

            Nanggung tolok pinuh barang bubututan rorombeng                        15 – e

            Wantu kabehna pikiran rarombongan garoreng                    15 – e

            Leumpangna teh rada ngigir ngalieukan mendeleng             15 – e

3. Dangdang gula (kaagungan)

            Laut kidul kabeh katingali                                                     10 – i

            Ngembat paul kawas dina gambar                                         10 – a

            Ari ret ka lebah kaler                                                             8 – e  (o)

            Batawi ngarunggunuh                                                            7 – u

            Lautna mah teu katingali                                                        9 – i

            Ukur lebah-lebahna                                                                7 – a

            Semu-semu biru                                                                      6 – u

            Ari ret ka lebah wetan                                                                        8 – a

            Gunung gede kawas nu ngajakan balik                                  12 – i

            Meh bae kapiuhan                                                                  7 – a

Laguna biasana bisa :

1. Bayubud
2. kentar kajawen
3. kentar
4. kentar ajen
5. degung
6. mangani
7. kadewan
8. goyong
9. kasepuhan

4. Juru demung (kaduhung)

            Badan anu katempuhan                                                          8 – a

            Da bongan ngalajun napsu                                                     8 – u

            Peurihna kapanggih                                                                6 – i

            Rek bongan, bongan kasaha                                                   8 – a

            Ayeuna bah kaduhung                                                                        8 – u

5. Durma (perang)

            Mundur mapad babad pandawa teu tahan                              12 – a

            Barisan beki ipis                                                                     7 – i

            Digempur kurawa                                                                   6 – a

            Surapaning karna                                                                    7 – a

            Sakti manggulang-mangguling                                              7 – a

            Hese pantar na                                                                                    5 – a

            Moal aya nu wanding                                                             7 – i

6. Gambuh (Samar polah)

            ngahuleng banget bingung                                                     7 – u

            henteu teurang kamana ngajungjung                                     10 – u

            turug-turug haritna teh enggeus burit                                                  8 – u

            kuseung sieun nya meong                                                        8 – o

laguna biasana bisa : no 3

7. Gurisa (lulucon)

            Hayang teuing gera beurang                                                  8 – a

            Geus beurang rek ka sumedang                                              8 – a

            Nagih kanu boga hutang                                                         8 – a

            Mun meunang rek meuli soang                                              8 – a

            Tapi najan heunteu meunang                                                 8 – a

            Teu rek buru-buru mulang                                                     8 – a

            Rek tuluy guguru nembang                                                    8 – a

            Jeung diajar nabeuh gondang                                                 8 – a

8. Kinanti (Prihatin)

            ceprot dipentang ngagantung                                                 8 – u

            keuna kana anting-anting                                                       8 – i

            kembang ngadadak maruntang                                               8 – a

sariga bentang ti peuting                                                        8 – i

harurung gumiwang herang                                                    8 – a

siwa mah keukeuh teu nyaring                                               8 – i

Laguna tiasa :             1. Pakauman

                        2. Kidung                                8. Ting ting

                        3. Koproy                                9. galingan

                        4. Padayungan                        10. Sulanjana

                        5. Songcer                               11. Ranintin

                        6. Cautan                                 12. Udan mas

                        7. Eureun cape                                    13. Papalayon

9. Ladrang (banyol)

            Aki Dartam leumpangna ngadingding                                   10 – i

            Gancang pisan (2x)                                                                4 – a

            Bari aya nu dijinjing                                                              8 – i

            Mawa kira eusina ucing anakan                                             12 – a

10. Lambang (Kos cadiang ngan leuwih molat)

            Nawu kubang sisi tegal                                                          8 – a

            Nyiar boga meunang kadal                                                     8 – a

            Atuh teu payu dijual                                                               8 – a

            Rek di dahar da teu halal                                                        8 – a

11. Magatru (Nyelang carita)

            nun sumuhun ieu teh namina curuk                                       12 – u

            nu alit namina cinggir                                                                          8 – i

            anu panjang mah jajangkung                                                    8 – u

            gigireunnana jariji                                                                    8 – i

            anu pang ageungna jempol                                                       8 – o

12. Maskumambang (ngageri/prihatin)

            Jalma kedul mumul ditambah jejerih                                     12 – i

            Ulah ngarep senang                                                                6 – a

            Sabab mungguling rejeki                                                       8 – i

            Tara datang teu diteang                                                          8 – a

13. Mijil (Susah,sedih)

            rea jalma tapi jempe jempling                                                            10 – i

            teu aya nu ngomong                                                               6 – o

            rereb reureuh rirah rineh repeh                                              10 – e

            ngan sakapeng aya leungeun usik                                          10 – i

            tapi anteng deui                                                                      6 – i

            ulur ngebet buku                                                                     6 – u

14. Pangkur

            Seja nyaba ngalalana                                                    8 – a

            Ngitung lembur ngajajah milang kori                                    11 – i

            Henteu puguh nu dijugjug                                            8 – u

            Balik paman sadaya                                                      7 – a

            Nu timang tiluan semu rarusuh                                  12 – u

            Curah begal ngawalonan                                              8 – a

            Ting ngaran jenjapati                                                   8 – i

15. Pucung (piwuruk)

            estu untung nu bisa mupunjung indung                     12 – u

            jeung nyeunangkeun bapa                                            6 – a

            tanda yen bagjana gede                                                8 – e (o)

            hirup mulus kaseudeuhan ku barekah                                    12 – a

16. Sinom (kaendahan alam)

            warna-warna lauk empang                                           8 – a

            rea nu sami jeung pimping                                           8 – i

            ngagulung patumpang-tumpang                                   8 – a

            retna renggani ningali                                                              8 – i

            sagala lauk cai                                                                          7 – i

            lalawak pating suruwuh                                               8 – u

            sepat pating kosepat                                                     7 – a

            julung-julung ngajalinjing                                           8 – i

            deukeut balong balingbung sisi balungbang              12 – a

Laguna tiasa : 1. wisaya                                 7. ciawian

                        2. ciwung                                8. pati-pati

                        3. satia                                    9. banjar sinom

                        4. pangapungan                       10. sekar gambir

                        5. degung                                11. gawil

                        6. pancaniti                             12. lor lorar

17. Wirangrang (apes, era)

            jalma nuresep ngaluis                                                 8 – i

            lumbrahna resep ngaleor                                            8 – o

            Ngan pacuan resep ngusut                                          8 – u

            Komo mun resep ngarujit                                           8 – i

            Teu aya batan basajan                                                            8 – a

            Sagala sigar – tengahan                                              8 – a

Dina dangding aya nu disebut :

Pada, padalikan, mangkat, madakeun, gurulagu, guru wilangan.